采矿与安全工程学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 501-508.

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

含水煤层底板岩层力学性质分析:以小纪汗煤矿为例

  

  1. 1.中国矿业大学深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室,江苏 徐州 221116; 2.中国矿业大学管理学院,江苏 徐州 221116
  • 收稿日期:2015-10-02 出版日期:2016-05-15 发布日期:2016-06-03
  • 作者简介:李海龙(1988—),男,山东省济南市人,博士,从事采动岩体力学与工程应用方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB227900);高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B07028)

Mechanical behavior investigation for floor rock stratum in the water-rich coal seam

  • Received:2015-10-02 Online:2016-05-15 Published:2016-06-03

摘要: 在陕北榆林小纪汗煤矿实际建井开采过程中发现了煤层为矿井主充水含水层这种特殊的水文地质现象,为对这种特殊现象下底板岩层的力学性质进行分析,对现场底板岩样进行岩石矿物成分测试、岩石膨胀性测试及水作用下岩石强度弱化规律测试等一系列试验研究。研究发现: 1) 小纪汗煤矿煤层为裂隙含水层,且为矿井主充水含水层,底板岩层长时间受水侵蚀,岩体易于软化、变形,易造成岩层裂隙扩展及其稳定性破坏;2) 底板岩样中含蒙脱石、伊利石等膨胀性矿物是底板岩层膨胀变形的微观影响因素;3) 底板岩样浸水膨胀变形经过急速膨胀—变形缓慢—变形结束 3 个阶段,岩样浸水 2 h 内的膨胀变形已占总变形量 73.3%,浸水 2~12 h,变形量占总变形量的 24.7%,浸水 12 h 后,试样基本不变形;4) 岩样与水作用后其单轴抗压强度、弹性模量、劈裂抗拉强度随饱水时间的延长、含水率的增大而不断降低,总体呈指数关系递减;5) 岩样浸水 12 h后,岩石单轴抗压强度、弹性模量及抗拉强度降低值占总衰减值分别为71.6%,72.3%和65.4%,煤层裂隙水对底板岩层的侵蚀软化作用明显。

关键词: 含水煤层, 变形破坏特征, 底板突水, 底板强度弱化

Abstract: One special hydrogeologic phenomenon was found when building well drilling for Xiaojihan mine located in Yulin city, north of Shaanxi province. The coal seam is a main aquifer to the geologic structure of the nearby area. Different tests including rock mineral composition test for floor rock samples, rock expansion test and the rock strength test under water pressure have been applied to find out the mechanical properties of the floor rock stratum under this special hydrogeologic phenomenon. The following conclusions have been drawn: 1) The coal seam of Xiaojihan mine is found out to be a fracture aquifer as well as a main aquifer. The floor rock has been exposed to water erosion for a long time, which makes the rock body easier to be deformed or softened. This will cause a fracture expansion of the floor strata crack and damage the stability of the floor strata. 2) Some dilating mineral such as montmorillonite and illite are determined from the floor rock sample. The dilatability of these minerals can be the micro-influencing factor for the expansion deformation of the sample. 3) Three stages were observed in the rock expansion test of floor rock samples: rapid expansion, slow deformation and the end of deformation. Within 2 hours after the test started, a deformation expansion occupied 73.3% of total expansion was observed. From the third to the 12th hour after the test started, the deformation expansion of this stage occupied 24.7% of total expansion. After 12 hours, no deformation was observed. 4) The compressive strength, elastic modulus and shear strength decreased as the moisture content increased. The relationship was calculated to be exponentially declining. 5) After 12 hours’ under-water test, the compressive strength, elastic modulus and shear strength decreased by 71.6%, 72.3% and 65.4% respectively. It is obvious that coal seam fissure water has significant effect on the erosion and softens of the floor rock.

Key words: coal under aquifer, deformation and failure character, floor water inrush, rock strength weakening