Abstract: In response to the issues of asymmetric distortion and failure of roadway and hard maintenance after excavation of support in Meihe coal mine，field geological investigation，rock mechanics experiment，microstructure materialization experiment，theoretical analysis and numerical simulation calculation are used synthetically in this paper to analyze the main factors responsible for asymmetric distortion and failure of the roadway. The research found out that the process of the roadway distortion and failure has significant stages and revealed the distribution of stress and plastic zone in the condition of non-support，the asymmetric distortion and failure characteristics of roadway under the condition of original symmetric support. On this basis, the paper proposed the concept of ‘weak structure’ and asymmetric control technology of ‘roadway overall stability，weak structure reinforced support’，and industrial test is implemented in the field. The practice proves that the compatible deformation of support structure and surrounding rock is realized，the deformation of surrounding rock of roadway is controlled remarkably and avoided getting into the status of long-term rheological; the overall stability of roadway is guaranteed by the asymmetric control technology.

Key words: soft rock, asymmetric, theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, weak structure, yield support system