浅埋煤层群覆岩与地表裂隙发育规律和形成机理研究

doi:10.13545/j.cnki.jmse.2019.01.002

采矿与安全工程学报

浅埋煤层群覆岩与地表裂隙发育规律和形成机理研究

西安科技大学能源学院，陕西西安 710054；西安科技大学地质与环境学院，陕西西安 710054

收稿日期:2017-11-17 出版日期:2019-01-15 发布日期:2019-02-26
通讯作者: 杜君武 E-mail:jwyes666@126.com
作者简介:黄庆享(1966— )，男，新疆维吾尔自治区沙湾县人，博士，教授，博士生导师，从事矿山压力与岩层控制方面的研究。
基金资助:

国家自然科学基金项目(51674190，51174278，41472234)

Research on overburden and ground surface cracks distribution and formation mechanism in shallow coal seams group mining

College of Energy Engineering，Xi’an University of Science and Technology，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710054，China； College of Geology and Environment，Xi’an University of Science and Technology，Xi’an，Shaanxi 710054，China

Received:2017-11-17 Online:2019-01-15 Published:2019-02-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 浅埋煤层群高强度开采对地表的损害严重。为了研究煤层群开采裂隙(缝)发育规律和形成机理，以陕北典型浅埋煤层群开采为工程背景，采用物理模拟、数值计算和现场实测相结合的方法，得出覆岩裂隙主要为采空区边缘向上发育的上行裂隙和垮落区内的离层裂隙。地表裂隙(缝)主要为开切眼和停采线永久边界裂隙、随工作面推进周期性出现的平行裂缝、沿工作面间的煤柱边界裂隙。沿工作面间的煤柱边界裂隙的分布长度最大，是地表裂隙控制的主要对象。煤层群下煤层工作面来压步增大18%~30%,下煤层开采地表下沉系数有所减小。煤层群重复采动后边界裂隙最发育，且受上下煤柱位置的显著影响。通过合理布置煤柱，可以降低煤柱导致的应力集中，减轻不均匀沉降和地表裂缝发育。

关键词: 浅埋煤层群, 覆岩垮落, 应力场, 地表裂缝, 机理

Abstract: In order to study the coal mining cracks (or fissure) formation and development mechanism, taking the typical shallow coal seam group mining in Northern Shaanxi as the engineering background and using the method of physical simulation, numerical calculation and field measurement, it is concluded that the mining induced cracks in overburden are mainly the upward cracks along the gob edge and roof separation cracks in the caving zone. The surface cracks are mainly the permanent boundary cracks of open cut and stop mining line, periodic parallel cracks along with mining face and sectional coal pillar boundary cracks. The coal pillar boundary cracks which are the longest in distribution is the main object of the crack control. Under the coal seam group mining, the roof caving step increase by 18%-30%, and the subsidence coefficient of the ground surface is reduced. After the repeated mining of the coal seams, the boundary cracks are easily developed and are influenced by the position of the upper and lower coal pillars. By reasonably arranging the coal pillars, the stress concentration caused by the coal pillar can be decreased, the uneven surface subsidence and cracks can be reduced.

Key words: shallow seams group, overburden caving, ground surface cracks, mechanism

中图分类号:

TD 323

黄庆享，杜君武，侯恩科，杨帆. 浅埋煤层群覆岩与地表裂隙发育规律和形成机理研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, doi: 10.13545/j.cnki.jmse.2019.01.002.

HUANG Qingxiang，DU Junwu，HOU Enke，YANG Fan. Research on overburden and ground surface cracks distribution and formation mechanism in shallow coal seams group mining[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, doi: 10.13545/j.cnki.jmse.2019.01.002.

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浅埋煤层群覆岩与地表裂隙发育规律和形成机理研究

Research on overburden and ground surface cracks distribution and formation mechanism in shallow coal seams group mining

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