关键词: 采矿工程, 岩石力学, 近地表倾斜矿体, 覆岩, 变形破坏

Abstract: In order to reveal the mechanism of deformation and failure of ground surface and overlying rock caused by the extracting inclined ore body near surface, the paper takes a typical geological section of a copper mine for example. The generalized physical model experiment and UDEC numerical simulation are applied to analyze the change law on deformation and failure of ground surface and overlying rock in different extracting steps. Both the physical model experiment and numerical simulation show that when the ore body is extracted above at -45 m, the local disturbance in the overlying rock will occur with small displacement; when the ore body between -45 m and -75 m is extracted, the displacement will increase and the subsidence area will gradually expand. Consequently, abscission layer appear and the damage spread to surface. If the reserved rock pillars are extracted, the overlying rock will collapse entirely and the abscission layer will become obvious; thus, dislocation and rotation will appear in overlying rock, and the rock failure spread to the ground surface. Rational utilization of generalized physical model experiment, coupled with numerical simulation, will intuitively and accurately simulate the dynamic evolution process on deformation of ground surface and overlying rock.

Key words: mining engineering, rock mechanics, inclined ore body near surface, overlying rock, deformation and failure